One huge difference between the two is foosball has Defense. Pinball is more like golf or bowling in that you’re trying to achieve a good score on a hole / lane / machine where the conditions, layout, and nuances vary slightly one to another in the overall competition, but the players are all matched against the course, not directly against each other.
Personal note: back when I was good at it, my college partner and I played against the world foosball champs when they were doing a cross-country tour in the mid-70’s. We actually lost only 9-3, which we considered a moral victory [most local teams got shut out]. We were fast; they were … insane!